Overview
Copper sulfate pentahydrate (CAS 7758-99-8 ), also sold as cupric sulfate pentahydrate, is an inorganic copper salt supplied as characteristic blue crystals. It functions as a biocide, algaecide, fungicide, and catalyst precursor across a broad range of industrial and agricultural processes.
In agriculture, it is the active ingredient in Bordeaux mixture, applied to control fungal diseases in vineyards, orchards, and field crops. Water treatment facilities use it to control algae blooms in reservoirs, irrigation channels, and municipal water supplies.
In mining, it acts as a selective flotation activator for sulfide ores, particularly in the separation of zinc and lead minerals. Textile and leather processors use it as a mordant to fix dyes and as a component in electroplating and surface finishing baths.
Copper sulfate pentahydrate is supplied as blue crystalline granules or fine powder, with particle size grades available to suit agricultural, industrial, and laboratory applications. Standard commercial grades include technical, feed-grade, and agricultural-grade.
Purity levels typically range from 98% to 99%+. Pharma-grade material meeting USP and BP specifications is available for use in pharmaceutical manufacturing and analytical applications. This ensures high quality for sensitive industrial processes.
The material is highly soluble in water and methanol, making it easy to integrate into liquid formulations. Its versatility as a chemical intermediate makes it essential for the production of other copper-based compounds and catalysts.
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Physical Properties
| Melting Point | 110 °C (decomp) |
| Density | 2.286 g/cm³ @ Temp: 15.6 °C |
| Appearance | Copper sulfate is a greenish-white crystalline solid; the pentahydrate is Blue powder or granules, or ultramarine crystalline solid. |
| Color | fine blue crystals |
| Odor | blue cryst. or cryst. gran. or powd., odorless |
| Form | Solid |
| Water Solubility | 320 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Vapor Pressure | 7.3 mm Hg ( 25 °C) |
| Refractive Index | 1.537 |
| pH | 3.5-4.5 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O) |
Safety & Handling
Danger GHS05 GHS07 GHS09 GHS08 Hazard Statements H290 May be corrosive to metals H302 Harmful if swallowed H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage H315 Causes skin irritation H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction H318 Causes serious eye damage H319 Causes serious eye irritation H341 Suspected of causing genetic defects H361 Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child H370 Causes damage to organs H372 Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure H373 May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure H400 Very toxic to aquatic life H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects H411 Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects Precautionary Statements P203 Obtain, consult and follow expert instructions for use. P234 Keep only in original packaging. P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264 Wash … thoroughly after handling. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P272 Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. P273 Avoid release to the environment. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P316 Get emergency medical help immediately. P317 Get emergency medical help. P318 IF exposed or concerned, get medical advice. P319 Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. P321 Specific treatment (see … on this label). P330 Rinse mouth. P363 Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. P390 Absorb spillage to prevent material damage. P391 Collect spillage. P405 Store locked up. P406 Store in a corrosion-resistant/… container with a resistant inner liner. P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations. P264+P265 Wash … thoroughly after handling. P301+P317 Get emergency medical help. P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. P308+P316 Get emergency medical help immediately. P332+P317 Get emergency medical help. P333+P317 Get emergency medical help. P337+P317 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. Get emergency medical help. P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse. P301+P330+P331 Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. P302+P361+P354 IF ON SKIN: Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower. P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P305+P354+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
Trade & Regulatory
| HS Code | 28332500 |
| UN Number | 3288 |
| ADR Class | 6.1 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Storage Class | 13 - Non Combustible Solids |
| WGK (Germany) | 2 |
Other Names
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Chemical Properties
- CAS Number
- 7758-99-8
- EC Number
- 231-847-6
- Mol. Weight
- 249.69
- HS Code
- 28332500
- Category
- Oxidizers & Peroxides