Overview
Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate (CAS 12179-04-3 ), commercially known as borax pentahydrate, is an inorganic boron salt supplied as a partially hydrated form of borax. It functions as a pH buffer, corrosion inhibitor, biocide, and flame retardant across a broad range of industrial and consumer product applications.
In detergents and industrial cleaning formulations, borax pentahydrate boosts alkalinity and enhances surfactant performance, improving soil and grease removal. Coatings and adhesive manufacturers use it as a crosslinking agent for PVA-based systems and as a corrosion inhibitor in metalworking fluids.
Flame-retardant treatments for cellulosic textiles, paper, and wood products rely on its boron content to meet fire-resistance specifications. In water treatment, it serves as a buffering agent to stabilize process pH, and in agriculture it provides a soluble boron source for micronutrient fertilizer blends.
Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is available as a free-flowing white powder or granules, with granule size influencing dissolution rate and handling characteristics for different process requirements. Standard supply grades include technical grade for industrial use and refined grades meeting USP or pharmaceutical specifications.
Bulk supply is common in 25 kg bags or bulk sacks, with concentration typically expressed as percentage B₂O₃ content for industrial purchasing specifications. This versatile chemical ensures stability and performance in diverse manufacturing environments globally.
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Physical Properties
| Density | 1.815 |
| Appearance | Borax is a noncombustible (an inherent fire retardant), bluish-gray or green, odorless crystalline powder or granules. |
Safety & Handling
Danger GHS08 GHS07 Hazard Statements H319 Causes serious eye irritation H335 May cause respiratory irritation H360 May damage fertility or the unborn child H370 Causes damage to organs Precautionary Statements P203 Obtain, consult and follow expert instructions for use. P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264 Wash … thoroughly after handling. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P318 IF exposed or concerned, get medical advice. P319 Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. P321 Specific treatment (see … on this label). P405 Store locked up. P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations. P264+P265 Wash … thoroughly after handling. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. P308+P316 Get emergency medical help immediately. P337+P317 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. Get emergency medical help. P403+P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
Other Names
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Chemical Properties
- CAS Number
- 12179-04-3
- EC Number
- 601-808-1
- Mol. Weight
- 291.3
- Category
- Alkalis & Bases