Overview
Citric acid monohydrate (CAS 5949-29-1 ), designated E330 in food and beverage applications, is a crystalline organic acid produced with one molecule of water of crystallization.
It functions as an acidulant, pH buffer, chelating agent, and preservative across food, pharmaceutical, personal care, and industrial processing sectors. In food and beverage manufacturing, it acidifies and preserves products.
The additive is used in soft drinks, confectionery, and canned goods, where it controls pH and inhibits microbial growth simultaneously. Pharmaceutical formulators use it to buffer oral solutions and effervescent tablets.
It is also used in topical preparations to target pH ranges that ensure stability and active ingredient compatibility. Personal care manufacturers incorporate it into shampoos, skin creams, and hair rinses.
As a pH adjuster and chelating agent, it sequesters hard water minerals to improve product performance. In water treatment, it removes scale deposits and chelates heavy metal ions in industrial cleaning applications.
The product is supplied as a white crystalline powder or granules, with granule sizing available for specific processing requirements. Established grades include FCC , USP , BP , and Ph. Eur.
These standards cover food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic supply chains. Technical grade is also available for industrial and water treatment applications where pharmaceutical-level purity is not required.
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Physical Properties
| Melting Point | 135 °C |
| Boiling Point | 56 °C760 mm Hg(lit.) |
| Density | 1.5 g/cm³ |
| Flash Point | 1 °F |
| Appearance | white crystals or powder |
| Color | White |
| Odor | Typical, practically odorless |
| Form | Solid |
| Water Solubility | 1630 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Vapor Pressure | 184 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Refractive Index | n 20/D 1.359(lit.) |
| pH | 1.85 (50g/l, H2O, 25℃) |
Safety & Handling
Warning GHS07 Hazard Statements H315 Causes skin irritation H319 Causes serious eye irritation H335 May cause respiratory irritation Precautionary Statements P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264 Wash … thoroughly after handling. P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P319 Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. P321 Specific treatment (see … on this label). P405 Store locked up. P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations. P264+P265 Wash … thoroughly after handling. P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. P332+P317 Get emergency medical help. P337+P317 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. Get emergency medical help. P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse. P403+P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
Trade & Regulatory
| HS Code | 29181400 |
| UN Number | 1090 |
| ADR Class | 3 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Storage Class | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| WGK (Germany) | 1 |
Other Names
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Chemical Properties
- CAS Number
- 5949-29-1
- EC Number
- 691-328-9
- Mol. Weight
- 210.14
- HS Code
- 29181400
- Category
- Chelating Agents