Propyl gallate

CAS: 121-79-9

Overview

Propyl gallate (CAS 121-79-9 ), also known as E310 and abbreviated as PG, is a synthetic antioxidant used across food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic manufacturing. It prevents oxidative degradation in fats, oils, and lipid-containing formulations.

This additive is essential for extending shelf life and protecting product quality in various industrial sectors. In food production, PG is approved under its E number and applied to edible fats, oils, margarine, and snack foods.

Its primary function is to inhibit rancidity during processing and storage, ensuring consumer safety and taste. Pharmaceutical manufacturers incorporate it into oral and topical dosage forms to stabilize lipid excipients.

It is particularly effective for active ingredients susceptible to oxidation in medical formulations. Cosmetic and personal care formulators use it in creams, lotions, and lip products where it protects emollient oils from deterioration.

The compound also functions as a stabilizer in flavor and fragrance concentrates. In these applications, oxidative breakdown would compromise sensory performance and the overall quality of the final consumer product.

Propyl gallate is supplied as a white to off-white crystalline powder for easy handling. Standard grades include food-grade meeting FCC specifications, as well as USP and Ph.Eur. grades for pharmaceutical applications.

Technical-grade material is also available for industrial antioxidant applications outside regulated food and pharma supply chains. This ensures a versatile range of options for manufacturers across different global markets.

Physical Properties

Melting Point	130 °C
Boiling Point	312.03°C (rough estimate)
Density	1.210
Flash Point	187°C
Appearance	white to light beige crystalline powder
Color	White to light beige
Odor	bland
Form	powder
Water Solubility	0.35 g/100 mL (25 ºC)
Vapor Pressure	0Pa at 20℃
Refractive Index	1.5140 (estimate)
Log P	1.8

Safety & Handling

Warning GHS07 GHS09 GHS05 GHS08 Hazard Statements H302 Harmful if swallowed H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction H318 Causes serious eye damage H334 May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled H400 Very toxic to aquatic life H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects H411 Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects Precautionary Statements P233 Keep container tightly closed. P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264 Wash … thoroughly after handling. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P272 Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. P273 Avoid release to the environment. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P284 In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection. P317 Get emergency medical help. P321 Specific treatment (see … on this label). P330 Rinse mouth. P391 Collect spillage. P403 Store in a well-ventilated place. P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations. P264+P265 Wash … thoroughly after handling. P301+P317 Get emergency medical help. P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. P333+P317 Get emergency medical help. P342+P316 Get emergency medical help immediately. P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse. P305+P354+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.

Trade & Regulatory

HS Code	29182950
WGK (Germany)	2

Other Names

Industries

Personal Care & Cosmetics Pharmaceuticals & Healthcare Food & Nutrition