Overview
Ammonium chloride (CAS 12125-02-9 ), also known as E510 and NH4Cl, is an inorganic salt used across food, agricultural, and industrial manufacturing sectors. It functions primarily as a pH buffer, nitrogen source, and flame retardant depending on the application.
In food production, E510 acts as a dough conditioner and yeast nutrient in bread and baked goods, improving fermentation consistency. Fertilizer blends and animal feed supplements rely on NH4Cl as a readily available nitrogen source.
This nitrogen source supports crop yield and livestock urinary health management. Textile and leather processors use it as a buffering agent in dyeing baths, where controlled pH directly affects color uptake and consistency across batches.
In flame retardant formulations, it is incorporated into paper and textile treatments to reduce ignition risk in finished materials. Ammonium chloride is supplied as a white crystalline powder or fine granules for various uses.
Food-grade material is available to FCC and E510 specifications, while technical and agricultural grades serve industrial and fertilizer applications. These standards ensure the product meets specific purity requirements for safety.
USP and BP grades are also recognized in the market for pharmaceutical and specialty uses. These high-quality standards allow for the chemical's use in sensitive medical and laboratory environments globally.
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Physical Properties
| Melting Point | 338 °C (decomp) |
| Boiling Point | 520 °C |
| Density | 1.5274 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C |
| Appearance | Ammonium chloride is a white crystalline solid. Odorless. |
| Color | White |
| Odor | odorless |
| Form | Solid |
| Water Solubility | soluble |
| Vapor Pressure | 1 mm Hg ( 160.4 °C) |
| Refractive Index | 1.642 |
| pH | 4.7 (200g/l, H2O, 25℃)(External MSDS) |
Safety & Handling
Warning GHS07 GHS08 GHS09 Hazard Statements H302 Harmful if swallowed H316 Causes mild skin irritation H319 Causes serious eye irritation H320 Causes eye irritation H335 May cause respiratory irritation H361 Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child H371 May cause damage to organs H372 Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure H401 Toxic to aquatic life H402 Harmful to aquatic life H411 Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects Precautionary Statements P203 Obtain, consult and follow expert instructions for use. P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264 Wash … thoroughly after handling. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P273 Avoid release to the environment. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P318 IF exposed or concerned, get medical advice. P319 Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. P330 Rinse mouth. P391 Collect spillage. P405 Store locked up. P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations. P264+P265 Wash … thoroughly after handling. P301+P317 Get emergency medical help. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. P308+P316 Get emergency medical help immediately. P332+P317 Get emergency medical help. P337+P317 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. Get emergency medical help. P403+P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
Trade & Regulatory
| HS Code | 28271000 |
| UN Number | 3077 |
| ADR Class | 9 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Storage Class | 13 - Non Combustible Solids |
| WGK (Germany) | 1 |
Other Names
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Chemical Properties
- CAS Number
- 12125-02-9
- EC Number
- 235-186-4
- Mol. Weight
- 53.49
- HS Code
- 28271000
- Category
- Salts & Minerals