Overview
Butylated hydroxytoluene (CAS 128-37-0 ), commonly known as BHT or by the trade name Ionol, is a synthetic phenolic antioxidant used across food, industrial, and personal care markets to prevent oxidative degradation.
Approved as E321 in food applications and listed under FEMA 2184 for flavoring use, it protects fats, oils, polymers, and finished formulations from rancidity and deterioration during storage and processing.
In food manufacturing, BHT is incorporated into edible oils, snack foods, and packaging materials to extend shelf life by inhibiting lipid oxidation. This ensures product freshness and quality over time.
Lubricant and fuel formulators use it to stabilize mineral oils, hydraulic fluids, and transformer oils against thermal and oxidative breakdown. This is essential for maintaining performance in high-heat environments.
Rubber and plastics processors add BHT during compounding to protect polymers from degradation caused by heat and UV exposure during service life. This prevents brittleness and discoloration in industrial materials.
In personal care, it functions as a preservative antioxidant in creams, lotions, and lip products where oil-phase stability is critical. It helps maintain the integrity of complex cosmetic formulations.
BHT is supplied as a white crystalline powder or flake. Standard commercial grades include food-grade ( FCC ), USP , and technical-grade material to serve different regulatory and application requirements.
Bulk supply is available in fiber drums and multi-wall bags. Food and pharmaceutical grades require certificate of analysis documentation aligned to relevant pharmacopoeial standards for safety and compliance.
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Physical Properties
| Melting Point | 70 °C |
| Boiling Point | 265 °C |
| Density | 1.048 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C |
| Flash Point | 127 °C |
| Appearance | BHT is a white to pale yellow crystalline solid or powder. |
| Color | white |
| Odor | faint characteristic odor |
| Form | Crystals |
| Water Solubility | insoluble |
| Vapor Pressure | <0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Refractive Index | 1.4859 |
| Log P | 5.2 |
Safety & Handling
Warning GHS09 GHS08 GHS07 Hazard Statements H302 Harmful if swallowed H313 May be harmful in contact with skin H316 Causes mild skin irritation H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction H320 Causes eye irritation H361 Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child H370 Causes damage to organs H373 May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure H400 Very toxic to aquatic life H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects Precautionary Statements P203 Obtain, consult and follow expert instructions for use. P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264 Wash … thoroughly after handling. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P272 Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. P273 Avoid release to the environment. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P318 IF exposed or concerned, get medical advice. P319 Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. P321 Specific treatment (see … on this label). P330 Rinse mouth. P391 Collect spillage. P405 Store locked up. P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations. P264+P265 Wash … thoroughly after handling. P301+P317 Get emergency medical help. P302+P317 Get emergency medical help. P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water. P308+P316 Get emergency medical help immediately. P332+P317 Get emergency medical help. P333+P317 Get emergency medical help. P337+P317 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. Get emergency medical help. P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse. P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
Trade & Regulatory
| HS Code | 29071900 |
| Storage Class | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| WGK (Germany) | 1 |
Other Names
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Chemical Properties
- CAS Number
- 128-37-0
- EC Number
- 204-881-4
- Mol. Weight
- 220.35
- HS Code
- 29071900
- Category
- Flavors & Fragrances