Overview
Glyoxylic acid monohydrate (CAS 563-96-2 ), also known as formylformic acid, is a bifunctional organic acid used across pharmaceutical synthesis, cosmetic formulation, and specialty chemical manufacturing.
Its dual aldehyde-acid reactivity makes it a valued building block and intermediate where controlled reactivity under mild conditions is required for complex chemical reactions.
In pharmaceutical manufacturing, it serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of active ingredients, including amino acids such as D,L-mandelic acid and vanillin precursors.
Hair care formulators use it as the active agent in keratin-based straightening treatments, where it crosslinks hair proteins under heat to reshape fiber structure safely.
This material serves as a direct replacement for formaldehyde in professional salon products. In textile and paper processing, it functions as a fixative and crosslinking agent.
It improves dimensional stability and wet strength for cellulose-based substrates. Water treatment applications rely on its chelating capacity to sequester metal ions effectively.
Glyoxylic acid monohydrate is commercially available as an aqueous solution, most commonly at 50% concentration. Technical and industrial grades are standard across the market.
Pharmaceutical-grade material is available for regulated synthesis applications. Packaging ranges from drums to IBC containers depending on specific volume requirements.
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Physical Properties
| Melting Point | 98 °C |
| Boiling Point | 129-130 °C |
| Density | 1.70 g/cm³ |
| Flash Point | >230 °F |
| Appearance | white to light yellow crystalline powder or chunks |
| Color | White to light yellow |
| Form | Liquid |
| Water Solubility | Freely soluble |
| Refractive Index | n 20/D 1.414 |
Safety & Handling
Danger GHS05 GHS07 Hazard Statements H314 H314 H317 H317 H318 H318 Precautionary Statements P260 P260 P261 P261 P264 P264 P272 P272 P280 P280 P316 P316 P317 P317 P321 P321 P363 P363 P405 P405 P501 P501 P264+P265 P264+P265 P302+P352 P302+P352 P304+P340 P304+P340 P333+P317 P333+P317 P362+P364 P362+P364 P301+P330+P331 P301+P330+P331 P302+P361+P354 P302+P361+P354 P305+P354+P338 P305+P354+P338
Trade & Regulatory
| HS Code | 29183000 |
| UN Number | 3265 |
| ADR Class | 8 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Storage Class | 8A - Combustible corrosive hazardous materials |
| WGK (Germany) | 1 |
Other Names
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Chemical Properties
- CAS Number
- 563-96-2
- EC Number
- 679-230-4
- Mol. Weight
- 92.05
- HS Code
- 29183000
- Category
- Organic Acids