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Sweeteners & Food Additives

Maleic acid

CAS: 110-16-7

Overview

Maleic acid (CAS 110-16-7 ), also known commercially as Toxilic acid, is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid used across food, pharmaceutical, and personal care manufacturing. It functions primarily as an acidulant, pH buffer, and flavoring agent in finished formulations.

In food and beverage production, maleic acid adjusts tartness and acidity profiles in beverages, confectionery, and fruit-flavored products where a sharp, clean acid note is required. This versatile chemical ensures consistent flavor profiles across various batches.

Pharmaceutical formulators use it to form maleate salts with active ingredients, improving stability and solubility of oral dosage forms. This process is critical for enhancing the bioavailability of certain medications in the healthcare sector.

In personal care, it is incorporated into hair treatment products, particularly bond-repair and straightening systems, where it helps restore and cross-link damaged hair structure. It is a key component in modern professional hair care lines.

It also functions as a pH regulator in topical formulations, ensuring product stability and compatibility with skin-contact applications. Maintaining the correct pH is essential for the shelf life and safety of cosmetic emulsions.

Maleic acid is supplied as a white crystalline powder or granule. Standard commercial grades include food-grade ( FCC ) and pharmaceutical-grade ( USP / BP ) specifications, with technical grade available for industrial applications.

Packaging typically ranges from 25 kg bags to bulk quantities depending on grade and application requirements. Our logistics team ensures that all shipments meet the necessary safety and quality standards for global distribution.

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Physical Properties

Melting Point131 °C
Boiling Point138 °C
Density1.590 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C
Flash Point127 °C
AppearanceMaleic acid is a white crystalline solid. Faint, acid like odor.
ColorWhite
OdorFaint odor
FormPowder/Solid
Water Solubility790 g/L (25 ºC)
Vapor Pressure0.001Pa at 20℃
Refractive Index1.5260 (estimate)
pH1.3 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Log P-1.3 at 20℃

Safety & Handling

Warning GHS07 GHS05 GHS08 Hazard Statements H302 Harmful if swallowed H312 Harmful in contact with skin H315 Causes skin irritation H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction H318 Causes serious eye damage H319 Causes serious eye irritation H335 May cause respiratory irritation H370 Causes damage to organs H402 Harmful to aquatic life Precautionary Statements P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264 Wash … thoroughly after handling. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P272 Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. P273 Avoid release to the environment. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P317 Get emergency medical help. P319 Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. P321 Specific treatment (see … on this label). P330 Rinse mouth. P405 Store locked up. P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations. P264+P265 Wash … thoroughly after handling. P301+P317 Get emergency medical help. P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. P308+P316 Get emergency medical help immediately. P332+P317 Get emergency medical help. P333+P317 Get emergency medical help. P337+P317 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. Get emergency medical help. P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse. P403+P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P305+P354+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.

Trade & Regulatory

HS Code29171900
Storage Class8A - Combustible corrosive hazardous materials
WGK (Germany)1

Other Names

cis-butenedioic acid | Toxilic acid | (2Z)-but-2-enedioic acid | Maleinic acid | Malenic acid | (Z)-Butenedioic acid | cis-12-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid | 2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-

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Chemical Properties

CAS Number
110-16-7
EC Number
203-742-5
Mol. Weight
116.07
HS Code
29171900

Industries

Documentation