Overview
Triphenyl phosphate (CAS 115-86-6 ), commonly abbreviated as TPP, is an organophosphate ester used commercially as a flame retardant and plasticizer across a broad range of industrial materials.
It functions by releasing phosphoric acid derivatives during combustion, interrupting the flame cycle without relying on halogenated chemistry. In plastics and polymer compounding, TPP is incorporated into cellulose acetate and PVC.
It is used in engineering resins to meet UL 94 or similar flammability standards while simultaneously improving flexibility. Electronics manufacturers use it as a flame-retardant additive in circuit board laminates and connector housings.
It is also used in encapsulant resins where thermal stability under load is a qualification requirement. Lubricant formulators add TPP to hydraulic fluids and gear oils where fire-resistant performance is specified.
This is particularly important in aerospace and industrial environments with ignition risk. In construction materials, it is used to treat rigid foam insulation and sealant formulations requiring passive fire protection.
Triphenyl phosphate is supplied as a white crystalline solid or flake, with purity grades typically ranging from 98% to 99%+ for industrial and specialty polymer applications.
Technical grade is the standard commercial form, with high-purity grades available for electronics and aerospace end uses where trace impurity limits are tightly controlled.
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Physical Properties
| Melting Point | 49-50 °C |
| Boiling Point | 370 °C |
| Density | 1.2055 g/cm³ @ Temp: 50 °C |
| Flash Point | 435 °F |
| Appearance | Colorless, crystalline powder; odorless. Soluble in most lacquers, solvents, thinners, oils; insoluble in water. Combustible. |
| Color | White |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Form | Crystalline Flakes |
| Water Solubility | insoluble |
| Vapor Pressure | 1.3 mm Hg ( 200 °C) |
| Refractive Index | 1.563 |
| Log P | 4.6 at 20℃ |
Safety & Handling
Warning GHS09 Hazard Statements H400 Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard] H411 Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard] H303 May be harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral] H320 Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation] H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]
Trade & Regulatory
| HS Code | 29190010 |
| UN Number | 3077 |
| ADR Class | 9 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Storage Class | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| WGK (Germany) | 2 |
Other Names
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Chemical Properties
- CAS Number
- 115-86-6
- EC Number
- 204-112-2
- Mol. Weight
- 326.3
- HS Code
- 29190010
- Category
- Flame Retardants