Overview
Metformin hydrochloride (CAS 1115-70-4 ) is the active pharmaceutical ingredient form of metformin, supplied as its stable salt for pharmaceutical manufacturing. Known under the alternative designation N,N-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride, it is one of the highest-volume oral antidiabetic APIs in global pharmaceutical production.
The primary application is as the API in immediate-release and extended-release oral solid dosage forms, including tablets and film-coated tablets manufactured to pharmacopeial specifications. It is also incorporated into fixed-dose combination products alongside other antidiabetic agents.
This requires precise blending and granulation compatibility during the manufacturing process. Contract manufacturers and generic drug producers source it in bulk for high-throughput tableting lines where consistent particle size and compressibility are critical procurement criteria.
Research institutions and formulation development labs source smaller quantities for bioequivalence studies and novel delivery system development. Metformin hydrochloride is available as a white crystalline powder in bulk quantities suited to commercial-scale pharmaceutical manufacturing.
It is supplied to USP , BP , and Ph. Eur. grades, with grade selection typically driven by the target market's regulatory requirements. Standard packaging ranges from multi-kilogram drums to metric-ton quantities for large-volume generic manufacturers.
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Physical Properties
| Melting Point | 232 °C |
| Density | 1.351 g/cm³ (solid) |
| Flash Point | 9°C |
| Appearance | Crystalline Solid |
| Color | White |
| Form | Powder |
| Water Solubility | Soluble in water (50 mg/ml), ethanol, and DMSO (50 mM). |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.001Pa at 25℃ |
| Log P | -3.5 at 20℃ |
Safety & Handling
Warning GHS07 Hazard Statements H302 Harmful if swallowed H315 Causes skin irritation H319 Causes serious eye irritation H335 May cause respiratory irritation H412 Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects Precautionary Statements P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264 Wash … thoroughly after handling. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P273 Avoid release to the environment. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P319 Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. P321 Specific treatment (see … on this label). P330 Rinse mouth. P405 Store locked up. P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations. P264+P265 Wash … thoroughly after handling. P301+P317 Get emergency medical help. P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. P332+P317 Get emergency medical help. P337+P317 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. Get emergency medical help. P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse. P403+P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
Trade & Regulatory
| HS Code | 29252900 |
| UN Number | 1230 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Storage Class | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| WGK (Germany) | 3 |
Other Names
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Chemical Properties
- CAS Number
- 1115-70-4
- EC Number
- 214-230-6
- Mol. Weight
- 165.62
- HS Code
- 29252900
- Category
- Pharmaceutical Intermediates