Overview
Biphenyl (CAS 92-52-4 ), also known as diphenyl and approved as E230 in food applications, is an aromatic hydrocarbon used industrially as a heat transfer medium and chemical intermediate.
Its stability at elevated temperatures and antimicrobial activity make it a practical functional input across food packaging, chemical synthesis, and high-temperature processing. As E230, it is applied to citrus fruits.
This application suppresses mold growth during storage and transport, which is a critical function for importers managing long-haul fresh produce logistics. In heat transfer systems, it is blended with diphenyl oxide.
These formulations create high-temperature thermal fluids used in chemical reactors and industrial heating circuits. Biphenyl also serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of liquid crystal polymers and pharmaceuticals.
In fragrance formulation, it contributes a subtle floral-geranium note and is registered under FEMA 3129 for flavor use. Biphenyl is supplied as white to pale yellow crystalline flakes or powder.
Standard commercial grades include technical grade for industrial and heat transfer applications, and food/ FCC -grade material for use under E230 regulatory frameworks. Purity levels typically range from 99% upward.
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Physical Properties
| Melting Point | 69-71 °C |
| Boiling Point | 254-255 °C |
| Density | 1.041 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C |
| Flash Point | 113 °C |
| Appearance | Biphenyl is a combustible, white flakes or crystalline solid. Pleasant, characteristic odor. |
| Color | White to faint yellow |
| Odor | pleasant odor |
| Form | Crystalline Powder, Crystals or Flakes |
| Water Solubility | insoluble |
| Vapor Pressure | 9.46 mm Hg ( 115 °C) |
| Refractive Index | 1.475 |
| Log P | 4.008 at 25℃ |
Safety & Handling
Warning GHS07 GHS09 GHS06 GHS08 Hazard Statements H303 May be harmful if swallowed H313 May be harmful in contact with skin H315 Causes skin irritation H316 Causes mild skin irritation H319 Causes serious eye irritation H320 Causes eye irritation H330 Fatal if inhaled H335 May cause respiratory irritation H350 May cause cancer H351 Suspected of causing cancer H372 Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure H373 May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure H400 Very toxic to aquatic life H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects Precautionary Statements P203 Obtain, consult and follow expert instructions for use. P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264 Wash … thoroughly after handling. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P273 Avoid release to the environment. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P284 In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection. P316 Get emergency medical help immediately. P318 IF exposed or concerned, get medical advice. P319 Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. P320 Specific treatment is urgent (see … on this label). P321 Specific treatment (see … on this label). P391 Collect spillage. P405 Store locked up. P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations. P264+P265 Wash … thoroughly after handling. P301+P317 Get emergency medical help. P302+P317 Get emergency medical help. P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. P332+P317 Get emergency medical help. P337+P317 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. Get emergency medical help. P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse. P403+P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
Trade & Regulatory
| HS Code | 29029030 |
| UN Number | 3077 |
| ADR Class | 9 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Storage Class | 13 - Non Combustible Solids |
| WGK (Germany) | 2 |
Other Names
Related Products
Chemical Properties
- CAS Number
- 92-52-4
- EC Number
- 202-163-5
- Mol. Weight
- 154.21
- HS Code
- 29029030
- Category
- Flavors & Fragrances